This article is one of a series providing information about

endemism Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

among birds in the world's various

zoogeographic Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species. As a multifaceted field of study, zoogeography incorporates methods of molecular biology, genetics, mo ...

zones. For an overview of this subject, see

Endemism in birds Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Patterns of endemism

New Caledonia has a single endemic family, the

Rhynochetidae ''Rhynochetos'' is a genus of ground-dwelling birds in the monotypic family Rhynochetidae. It contains two species, both endemic to New Caledonia, one of which is extinct. Taxonomy ''Rhynochetos jubatus'' is the only extant species of this gen ...

Endemic Bird Areas

Birdlife International BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds and their habitats. BirdLife International's priorities include preventing extinction of bird species, identifying and safeguarding ...

has defined the whole of

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

—the main island of Grande Terre, the

Loyalty Islands The Loyalty Islands Province ( French ''Province des îles Loyauté'') is one of three administrative subdivisions of New Caledonia encompassing the Loyalty Island (french: Îles Loyauté) archipelago in the Pacific, which are located northeast of ...

(

Ouvéa Ouvéa () or Uvea is a commune in the Loyalty Islands Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from t ...

Lifou Lifou is a communes of France, commune of France in the Loyalty Islands Province of New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean. Geography Lifou is made up of Lifou Island, the largest and most heavily populated of the Loyalty Islands, its smaller neig ...

and Maré), the

Île des Pins The Isle of Pines (french: Île des Pins; name in Kanak people, Kanak language Kwênyii: ') is an island in the Pacific Ocean, in the archipelago of New Caledonia, an overseas collectivity of France. The island is part of the commune in France, ...

and other smaller surrounding islands—as an

Endemic Bird Area An Endemic Bird Area (EBA) is an area of land identified by BirdLife International as being important for habitat-based bird conservation because it contains the habitats of restricted-range bird species (''see below for definition''), which are the ...

(EBA).

List of species

The following is a list of species endemic to New Caledonia. Except where indicated, the species is only found on Grande Terre. * White-bellied goshawk * † Powerful goshawk * † Gracile goshawk *

New Caledonian rail The New Caledonian rail (''Cabalus lafresnayanus'') is a large and drab flightless rail that is found on the island of New Caledonia in the Pacific. It is a dull brown above, with grey underparts, and has a yellowish, downward-curving bill. No ...

* † New Caledonian gallinule *

Kagu The kagu or cagou (''Rhynochetos jubatus'') is a crested, long-legged, and bluish-grey bird endemic to the dense mountain forests of New Caledonia. It is the only surviving member of the genus ''Rhynochetos'' and the family Rhynochetidae, alt ...

* †

Lowland kagu The lowland kagu (''Rhynochetos orarius'') is a large, extinct species of kagu. It was endemic to the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia in the south-west Pacific region. It was described from subfossil bones found at the Pindai Caves paleon ...

Cloven-feathered dove The cloven-feathered dove (''Drepanoptila holosericea'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Drepanoptila'', but this genus is possibly better merged into ''Ptilinopus''.Gibb, G.C., & D. Penny (2010). ...

New Caledonian imperial pigeon The goliath imperial pigeon (''Ducula goliath''), also known as the New Caledonian imperial pigeon and the notou, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Its natural habitat is humid forests. The Internatio ...

* †

New Caledonian ground dove The New Caledonian ground dove (''Pampusana longitarsus'') is a large, extinct species of ''Pampusana'' ground dove in the pigeon family, and the largest member of its genus. It was endemic to the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia in the so ...

New Caledonian lorikeet The New Caledonian lorikeet (''Vini diadema'') is a potentially extinct lorikeet endemic to the Melanesian island of New Caledonia. Taxonomy The New Caledonian lorikeet was formerly assigned to the genus ''Charmosyna''. It was moved to the ge ...

Horned parakeet The horned parakeet (''Eunymphicus cornutus'') is a species of parrot in the genus '' Eunymphicus'', in the family Psittaculidae. It is a medium-sized parrot endemic to New Caledonia. It is called "horned" because it has two black feathers that ...

- found on Grande Terre and Ouvéa *

New Caledonian owlet-nightjar The New Caledonian owlet-nightjar (''Aegotheles savesi''), also known as the enigmatic owlet-nightjar, is a large owlet-nightjar Owlet-nightjars are small crepuscular birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. Most are native to New Guinea ...

* † New Caledonian barn owl *

New Caledonian cuckooshrike The New Caledonian cuckooshrike or New Caledonian cicadabird (''Edolisoma anale'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Some taxonomists place this species in the genus Analisoma. Its natural habit ...

New Caledonian grassbird The New Caledonia thicketbird or New Caledonia grassbird (''Cincloramphus mariae''), is a bird species. Previously placed in the "Old World warbler" family Sylviidae, it does not seem to be a close relative of the typical warblers; probably it be ...

Yellow-bellied robin The yellow-bellied flyrobin (''Cryptomicroeca flaviventris'') is a species of passerine bird in the Australasian robin family Petroicidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Cryptomicroeca''. The yellow-bellied flyrobin is endemic to New Caled ...

* New Caledonian whistler *

Large Lifou white-eye The large Lifou white-eye (''Zosterops inornatus'') is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg ...

- found only on Lifou * Green-backed white-eye - found on Grande Terre and Maré *

Small Lifou white-eye The small Lifou white-eye (''Zosterops minutus''), also known as the sulphur white-eye, is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the island of Lifou in New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on th ...

- found only on Lifou *

New Caledonian myzomela The New Caledonian myzomela (''Myzomela caledonica'') is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. The species is sometimes considered to be conspecific with (the same species as) the scarlet myzomela of Australia. It is endemic t ...

New Caledonian friarbird The New Caledonian friarbird (''Philemon diemenensis'') is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, ...

- found on Grande Terre, Lifou and Maré * Crow honeyeater * Barred honeyeater *

Red-throated parrotfinch The red-throated parrotfinch (''Erythrura psittacea'') is a species of estrildid finch found in New Caledonia. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km2. It is found in both subtropical or tropical moist lowlan ...

Striated starling The striated starling (''Aplonis striata'') is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map ...

- found on Grande Terre, Ouvéa, Lifou and Maré *

New Caledonian crow The New Caledonian crow (''Corvus moneduloides'') is a medium-sized member of the family Corvidae, native to New Caledonia. The bird is often referred to as the 'qua-qua' due to its distinctive call. It eats a wide range of food, including many ...

- native only on Grande Terre, but introduced on Maré The following restricted-range species are also found in this EBA: *

Red-bellied fruit dove The red-bellied fruit dove (''Ptilinopus greyi'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in lowland forest in New Caledonia, Santa Cruz Islands ( Solomons), and Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanu ...

* Melanesian cuckooshrike *

Long-tailed triller The long-tailed triller (''Lalage leucopyga'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The Norfolk Island subspecies of the long-tailed triller, the Norfolk triller, has becom ...

Fan-tailed gerygone The fan-tailed gerygone (''Gerygone flavolateralis'') is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is found in New Caledonia and Vanuatu. The Rennell gerygone (''G. citrina'') of the Solomon Islands was formerly considered conspecific, bu ...

Southern shrikebill The southern shrikebill (''Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides''), or brown flycatcher, is a songbird species in the family Monarchidae. It is found in New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. S ...

Melanesian flycatcher The Melanesian flycatcher (''Myiagra caledonica'') is a species of bird in the monarch-flycatcher family Monarchidae. The species is found on islands in Melanesia. Taxonomy and systematics It is closely related to the Vanikoro flycatcher. Alter ...

Streaked fantail The streaked fantail (''Rhipidura verreauxi'') is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae. ''Rhipidura verreauxi'' has precedence over ''Rhipidura spilodera'' (Dickinson & Watling 2006). It is found in Fiji, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. It ...

Cardinal myzomela The cardinal myzomela (''Myzomela cardinalis'') is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. It is named for the scarlet color of the male. It is found in American Samoa, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, as ...

* Dark-brown honeyeater {{Endemism in birds

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